Summer Tanager

Summer Tanager: A Colorful Gem of the American Birding Scene

Physical Characteristics

Summer Tanagers are medium-sized birds measuring approximately 6.5 to 7.5 inches (16 to 19 centimeters) in length, with a wingspan ranging from 11 to 12 inches (28 to 30 centimeters). The male Summer Tanager is easily recognizable by its brilliant red plumage, which covers most of its body, making it one of the most strikingly colored Singing Birds in North America. This bright red coloration serves not only as a visual delight but also plays a role in attracting mates during the breeding season.

In contrast, female Summer Tanagers present a more subdued appearance. They are primarily yellow or olive in color, with some streaks on their wings and back. This muted coloration provides effective camouflage, allowing females to blend into their surroundings, especially when nesting. Both sexes feature a stout, conical bill that is perfectly adapted for their diet, allowing them to easily consume a variety of food sources.

Habitat and Distribution

The Summer Tanager is primarily found in the southeastern regions of the United States during the breeding season, extending from Texas and Oklahoma to the Atlantic Coast. They prefer open woodlands, forest edges, parks, and gardens with ample foliage for cover and foraging. Their preference for habitats that provide a mix of open spaces and tree cover allows them to find food and nest safely away from potential predators.

During the winter months, Summer Tanagers migrate to Central America and parts of northern South America, where they seek warmer climates and a continued food supply. Their migratory patterns are well-documented, with many Singing Birds traveling thousands of miles each year to reach their wintering grounds. The ability to adapt to different environments makes the Summer Tanager a resilient species, capable of thriving in various habitats across their range.

Diet and Feeding Habits

Summer Tanagers have an omnivorous diet that primarily consists of insects and fruits. Insects make up a significant portion of their diet, especially during the breeding season when adults need the extra protein to feed their young. They have a particular fondness for wasps and bees, often catching these insects mid-flight or foraging from the undersides of leaves. Their agile flying skills allow them to dart and swoop through the foliage in search of food.

In addition to insects, Summer Tanagers enjoy a variety of fruits, including berries, cherries, and mulberries. These fruits provide essential nutrients and energy, especially during the fall months as they prepare for migration. If you want to attract Summer Tanagers to your garden, consider planting native fruit-bearing shrubs and trees. Creating a diverse habitat with a mix of flowering plants, trees, and shrubs will not only entice these beautiful Singing Birds but also support a range of wildlife.

Behavior and Song

Summer Tanagers are known for their melodic songs, which are a series of sweet, whistled phrases that echo through the woodlands during the breeding season. The male is particularly vocal, using its song to establish territory and attract females. Their call is often described as a “chewy” or “pee pee pee” sound, distinct from other Singing Birds. Listening for their songs is a rewarding experience for birdwatchers and can be a highlight of early morning walks in nature.

Behaviorally, Summer Tanagers are relatively social birds, often seen foraging in pairs or small groups. They are known to be less aggressive than other tanager species, allowing them to coexist peacefully with various bird species. While they primarily forage for food in the trees, Summer Tanagers are also known to feed on the ground, searching for insects and fallen fruits. Their curious nature and adaptability make them a delight to observe in their natural habitat.

Breeding and Nesting

The breeding season for Summer Tanagers typically begins in late spring and lasts through the summer months. Males establish their territories through song and displays, attracting potential mates. Once a female selects a mate, they work together to build a nest, usually located in a dense shrub or tree. The nest is constructed using twigs, grasses, and other plant materials, providing a safe and secure environment for their young.

The female lays a clutch of 3 to 5 eggs, which are usually pale blue or greenish in color. She incubates the eggs for about 12 to 14 days, during which time the male may bring her food. Once the chicks hatch, both parents participate in feeding them a diet rich in insects. The young are ready to fledge about 12 days after hatching but often stay close to their parents for additional care and learning.

Cultural Significance

The Summer Tanager has cultural significance in various regions, often celebrated for its beauty and enchanting song. In many Native American cultures, the bird symbolizes happiness and joy, embodying the spirit of summer and the beauty of nature. The striking appearance of the male Summer Tanager, coupled with its melodious singing, has inspired artists, poets, and musicians throughout history.

Additionally, Summer Tanagers are important indicators of healthy ecosystems. As insectivores, they help control pest populations, contributing to the balance of their habitats. Birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts often seek out these vibrant Singing Birds, enhancing the appreciation for biodiversity and the conservation of their habitats.

Tips for Attracting Summer Tanagers to Your Garden

1. Plant native fruit-bearing trees and shrubs: Species like mulberry, dogwood, and serviceberry will provide food sources for Summer Tanagers.
2. Create a diverse habitat: Incorporate a mix of trees, shrubs, and open spaces to mimic their natural environment and offer foraging opportunities.
3. Provide a water source: A birdbath or shallow water dish will attract these birds, especially during the hot summer months.
4. Limit pesticide use: Reducing pesticide use in your garden will help maintain healthy insect populations, providing natural food sources for Summer Tanagers.
5. Offer nesting materials: Providing natural materials like twigs, grasses, and leaves can encourage nesting in your garden.

By following these tips, you can create a welcoming habitat for Summer Tanagers and enjoy the beauty and joy they bring to your outdoor space.

Conclusion

The Summer Tanager is a remarkable bird that captivates with its stunning colors, melodious songs, and adaptable nature. Understanding their physical characteristics, habitat preferences, dietary needs, and breeding behaviors provides valuable insight into their lives. By creating environments that support these beautiful birds, we can help ensure their populations thrive for generations to come. Whether you are a seasoned birdwatcher or simply a lover of nature, the Summer Tanager is a delightful species to observe and cherish.